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Sir John Philip Baxter, (7 May 1905 – 5 September 1989), better known as Philip Baxter, was a British chemical engineer. He was the second director of the University of New South Wales from 1953, continuing as vice-chancellor when the position's title was changed in 1955. Under his administration, the University grew from its technical college roots into the "fastest growing and most rapidly diversifying tertiary institution in Australia".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Vice-Chancellors of the University of New South Wales Exhibition )〕 Philip Baxter College is named in his honour. Baxter was born in Wales, but grew up in England, entering the University of Birmingham at age 16. He joined Imperial Chemical Industries as a chemical engineer, and became head of the Central Laboratory of its General Chemicals Division in Widnes, investigating the chemistry of chlorine and fluorine. He was elected to the Widnes Municipal Council in 1939, a seat he held until 1949. During World War II he provided James Chadwick with samples of uranium hexafluoride for Tube alloys, the British wartime nuclear weapons program, and later established a pilot plant to produce it in Widnes. In 1944, in response to a request from the Americans for someone with expertise in both uranium chemistry and industrial operations, he went to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to assist the Manhattan Project. Baxter was recruited by the then-New South Wales University of Technology as a professor of chemical engineering. He became one of the most prolific public advocates of nuclear power for Australia. He served as chairman of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission from 1957 to 1972 and the International Atomic Energy Agency from 1969 to 1970. He oversaw the construction of the High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR) at Lucas Heights. He also founded the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA), and, as the chairman of the Sydney Opera House Trust, brought the Sydney Opera House to completion and opening on 20 October 1973. ==Early life== John Philip Baxter was born in Machynlleth in Wales on 7 May 1905, the younger child of John Baxter and his wife Mary Netta née Morton. He had an older sister, Muriel. His father was a telegraphist with the British Post Office, as was his mother before her marriage. The family moved to Hereford in England, where he attended Hereford High School for Boys.〔 At school, he enjoyed playing tennis.〔 Baxter passed the Northern Universities Matriculation examination when he was 14, but found that this was too young to be admitted to a university. He passed it again the following year, and then passed the University of London Matriculation examination the year after, when he was 16, after which he was permitted to enter the University of Birmingham.〔 He was interested in metallurgy and enrolled in a science course. He earned his bachelor of science degree with first class honours in 1925, and his master of science the following year.〔 His main form of recreation remained tennis. With the help of a £250 per annum James Watt research scholarship,〔 he wrote his 1928 PhD thesis on "The combustion of carbonic oxide", under the supervision of F. H. Burstall.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip Baxter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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